In recent years, the export of stone aggregates and boulders from Bhutan to Bangladesh has emerged as a key component of the economic relationship between these two South Asian neighbors. This trade not only plays a crucial role in meeting the infrastructure demands of Bangladesh but also contributes significantly to Bhutan’s economy. While the transportation of these essential materials has traditionally been done through road networks, the growing consensus is that using inland waterways is a more economically viable and sustainable alternative.
The India-Bhutan-Bangladesh (IBB) waterway route has garnered substantial attention in this context, offering a promising solution to the challenges associated with road transportation. The Inland Waterways Authority of India (IWAI) manages this route, with the Dhubri Terminal being the primary Exim point between India and Bhutan for this trade. Since 2019, this waterway route has witnessed a remarkable increase in the volume of stone aggregates and boulders transported, with 197,032 metric tons of Bhutanese stone aggregates being shipped from Bangladesh to Bhutan through this route. This trend underscores the growing importance of inland waterways for cross-border trade in the region.
There are several compelling reasons why inland waterways are being favored over road transportation for the export of stone aggregates and boulders between Bhutan and Bangladesh.
- Cost Efficiency:
One of the primary advantages of using inland waterways is the cost efficiency it offers. In comparison to road transportation, where maintenance costs, fuel expenses, and road tolls can be considerable, water transportation is more cost-effective. The IBB route reduces transportation costs significantly, leading to more competitive pricing for stone aggregates and boulders. This cost-efficiency not only benefits businesses involved in the trade but also ultimately benefits the end-users who rely on these construction materials. - Environmental Benefits:
The environmental impact of road transportation is well-documented, with heavy vehicles contributing to pollution and road infrastructure wear and tear. Inland waterways, on the other hand, are a greener alternative. They generate fewer carbon emissions, reduce congestion on road networks, and have a lower environmental footprint. As the world increasingly shifts towards sustainability and eco-friendly practices, the adoption of inland waterways aligns with these goals. - Reduced Congestion and Delays:
Road transportation can be hampered by traffic congestion, road closures, and unforeseen delays. These factors not only increase the cost of transportation but also disrupt supply chains. Inland waterways are less susceptible to such disruptions, offering a more reliable and predictable mode of transportation. This reliability is essential for businesses that rely on timely deliveries to meet project deadlines. - Increased Trade Volume:
The IBB waterway route has proven itself as a viable means of expanding trade between Bhutan and Bangladesh. The significant growth in the volume of stone aggregates and boulders being transported through this route since 2019 is indicative of the route’s potential to handle increased trade activities. As more businesses and stakeholders recognize the benefits of inland waterways, it is likely that the trade volume will continue to rise. - Strengthening Regional Cooperation:
The use of inland waterways also fosters regional cooperation and connectivity. Bhutan, Bangladesh, and India, as the key players in this trade, can further strengthen their ties through collaboration on the development and maintenance of waterway infrastructure. This cooperation can lead to mutually beneficial outcomes and promote regional economic growth.
In conclusion, the export of stone aggregates and boulders from Bhutan to Bangladesh through inland waterways, particularly the IBB route, offers several advantages over road transportation. It is not only cost-effective but also environmentally friendly, reliable, and conducive to increased trade volume. As this trend continues to gain momentum, it highlights the potential for further development of inland waterways in the region and underlines the importance of cross-border trade for the economic growth of Bhutan, Bangladesh, and the entire South Asian region. With continued investment and cooperation, this mode of transportation could be a game-changer in the way essential materials are moved between these neighboring nations, facilitating economic development and progress.