In a groundbreaking study, scientists from the Indian Institute of Geomagnetism (IIG) have unraveled systematic patterns of magnetic fields and ionospheric currents in Antarctica, shedding light on the intriguing phenomena observed at the Indian research stations, Maitri and Bharati. The findings, published in the Journal Polar Science, hold significant implications for space weather studies.
Operating in the unique Antarctic environment, Maitri and Bharati stations have long been considered outside the auroral oval during geomagnetic quiet conditions. The team from IIG conducted simultaneous observations over a decade (2013–2022) to explore the magnetic field variations and associated ionospheric currents.
Surprisingly, Maitri station showcased clear southern hemispheric solar quiet (Sq) type magnetic field variations, pointing towards the influence of ionospheric dynamo driven by thermospheric winds. Equally intriguing, Bharati station exhibited systematic magnetic field variations with estimated equivalent ionospheric currents, indicating strong equatorward/northward flows across all seasons.
The study reveals an annual seasonal variation in both stations, with peak amplitudes during summer and reduced activity in winter. The results offer a comprehensive understanding of the interplay between ionospheric currents and magnetic fields in the Antarctic region. This knowledge is pivotal for advancing space weather studies, contributing to our ability to predict and mitigate potential impacts on communication systems, navigation, and satellite operations. As we delve deeper into the mysteries of Antarctica, this research opens new avenues for exploring the complex dynamics of Earth’s magnetic field in extreme polar environments.