India’s space exploration endeavors have once again scaled new heights with the successful launch of XPoSat (X-ray Polarimeter Satellite) via ISRO’s trusted workhorse, the PSLV-C58, on January 01, 2024, at 09:10 Hrs IST. This groundbreaking mission marks a significant stride in the domain of space-based polarisation measurements of X-ray emissions from celestial bodies.
The primary objective of this mission is to delve deeper into the intricate realm of cosmic sources by measuring the polarisation of X-rays within the energy band of 8-30keV using the POLIX (Polarimeter Instrument in X-rays) payload and conducting long-term spectral and temporal studies in the energy band of 0.8-15keV through the XSPECT (X-ray Spectroscopy and Timing) payload.
XPoSat: Unveiling Cosmic Mysteries
XPoSat, the inaugural scientific satellite designed explicitly for space-based polarisation measurements of X-ray emissions, is a testament to ISRO’s commitment to cutting-edge research and exploration. The satellite’s configuration draws upon the IMS-2 bus platform, with its mainframe systems derived from the well-established heritage of the Indian Remote Sensing (IRS) satellites.
The payload configuration of XPoSat is a result of collaborative efforts between esteemed scientific institutions. The POLIX payload, tasked with measuring X-ray polarisation, is developed by the Raman Research Institute, while the XSPECT payload, focusing on X-ray spectroscopy and timing studies, is the creation of the Space Astronomy Group of URSC (UR Rao Satellite Centre).
Scientific Objectives and Mission Highlights
The mission objectives of XPoSat are multifaceted and ambitious, aiming to unravel the mysteries of cosmic X-ray emissions and their polarisation phenomena. Among the primary goals of this mission:
- Polarisation Measurement: POLIX payload endeavors to measure the polarisation of X-rays within the energy band of 8-30keV emitted by approximately 50 celestial sources. This measurement is conducted via Thomson Scattering, enabling detailed insights into the nature and properties of these cosmic sources.
- Spectral and Temporal Studies: XSPECT payload is geared towards long-term spectral and temporal studies of cosmic X-ray sources, focusing on energy bands spanning from 0.8 to 15keV. This comprehensive analysis aims to unravel the dynamic behavior and spectral characteristics of these celestial entities over extended periods.
- Combined Analysis: The synergy between POLIX and XSPECT payloads facilitates concurrent polarisation and spectroscopic measurements of X-ray emissions from cosmic sources within the common energy band. This collaborative approach promises a holistic understanding of the X-ray emission properties of these enigmatic cosmic entities.
Futuristic Implications and Scientific Endeavors
The successful execution of XPoSat’s objectives holds promise for broader implications in astrophysics and space science. The data gathered from these measurements is poised to enrich our understanding of celestial bodies, their emissions, and the fundamental processes governing the cosmos.
ISRO’s relentless pursuit of cutting-edge scientific missions like XPoSat cements its stature as a global player in space exploration. The collaboration with esteemed scientific institutions and the meticulous planning behind XPoSat’s payload configuration exemplifies India’s prowess in scientific research and technological innovation.
As XPoSat embarks on its mission to unlock the secrets hidden within cosmic X-ray emissions, it paves the way for a new chapter in space-based polarisation measurements, offering a glimpse into the captivating mysteries of the universe.